Nitrosulfide dyes

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are nitro-sulfide dyes of formula (1), their salts, isomers, hydrates and other solvates, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , independently from each other are hydrogen; C 1 -C 20 alkyl or C 1 -C 20 alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, halogen, —NH 2 , mono-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, —NO2 or hydroxy; C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C 1 -C 5 alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C 1 -C 5 alkyl; halogen; NO 2 ; OH; SH; phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, halogen, —NH 2 , mono-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, —NO 2  or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR 4 R 5 , wherein R 4  and R 5  independently from each other are hydrogen; C 1 -C 12 alkyl, which may be substituted by one or more C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 -alkoxy, hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)—C 1 -C 5 alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more C 1 -C 5 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, halogen, —NH 2 , mono-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, —NO 2 , carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (2); wherein at least one of the radicals R 1 , R 2  or R 3  is NO 2 ; Y 1  is C 1 -C 10 alkylene; C 5 -C 10 cycloalkylene; C 5 -C 10 arylene; or C 5 -C 10 arylene-(C 1 -C 10 alkylene); Z1 is the direct bond; formula (3); or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromatic group; Q 1  is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R 6 )—X 2 —; —CON(R 6 )—; —(R 6 )NC(O)—; —O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O) 2 —; X 1  and X 2  independently from each other are the direct bond; C 1 -C 10 alkylene; C 5 -C 10 cycloalkylene; C 5 -C 10 arylene; or C 5 -C 10 arylene-(C 1 -C 10 alkylene); and R 6 , R 7  and R 8  independently from each other are hydrogen; C 1 -C 14 alkyl; C 2 -C 14 alkenyl; C 6 -C 10 aryl; C 6 -C 10 aryl-C 1 -C 10 alkyl; or C 1 -C 10 alkyl(C 5 -C 10 aryl); m is 1; or 2; U is hydrogen, if m is 1; or the direct bond, if m is 2; with the proviso that the method does not comprise contacting hair with an enzyme of the type of a protein disulfidisomerase (EC 5.3.4.1). Further, the present invention relates to novel sulfide compounds, compositions thereof, especially comprising other dyes, and to processes for their preparation.

The present invention relates to novel nitrosulfide dyes, compositionsthereof, to processes for their preparation and to their use for thedyeing of organic materials, such as keratin fibers, wool, leather,silk, cellulose or polyamides, especially keratin-containing fibers,cotton or nylon, and preferably hair, more preferably human hair.

It is known, for example, from WO 95/01772 that cationic dyes can beused for the dyeing of organic material, for example keratin, silk,cellulose or cellulose derivatives, and also synthetic fibers, forexample polyamides. Cationic dyes exhibit very brilliant shades. Adisadvantage is their unsatisfactory fastness to washing.

The technical problem is to provide dyes that are distinguished by deepdying having good fastness properties with respect to washing, light,shampooing and rubbing.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method of dyeingkeratin-containing fibers, comprising treating the fiber with at leastone nitrosulfide dye of formula

their salts, isomers, hydrates and other solvates, wherein

-   R₁, R₂, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl    or C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more    C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,    di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; C₃-C₆cycloalkyl; —C(O)H;    —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; halogen; NO₂; OH; SH;    phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl,    C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,    di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (1a)    —NR₄R₅, wherein-   R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₂alkyl,    which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkoxy,    hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄alkyl,    wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more    C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,    di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of    formula

wherein at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ or R₃ is NO₂;

-   Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or    C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene);-   Z₁ is the direct bond;

or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromaticgroup;

-   Q₁ is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R₆)—X₂—; —CON(R₆)—; —(R₆)NC(O)—;    —O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O)₂—;-   X₁ and X₂ independently from each other are the direct bond;    C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or    C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); and-   R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently from each other are hydrogen;    C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or    C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl);-   m is 1; or 2;-   U is hydrogen, if m is 1; or the direct bond, if m is 2;-   with the proviso that the method does not comprise contacting hair    with an enzyme of the type of a protein disulfidisomerase (EC    5.3.4.1).

Preferably Y₁ is unsubstituted or substituted straight-chain or branchedinterrupted or uninterrupted C₁-C₁₀alkylene; or C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene, andmost preferably C₁-C₅alkylene.

Compounds of formula (1) are preferably used, wherein

-   R₁, R₂, and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen;    C₁-C₂₀alkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl;    NO₂; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein-   R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; or    C₁-C₁₂alkyl, which may be substituted by one or more hydroxy;    —(CO)H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl, which may be substituted by one or    more C₁-C₅alkyl, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di C₁-C₅alkylamino,    —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy.

Most preferably R₁, R₂ and, R₃, independently from each other arehydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein

-   R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; —(CO)—H;    —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; or —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl.

Mostly preferred in the present process are compounds of formula (1),wherein

-   R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen;    C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; —NH(CO)—CH₃; or —C(O)OH.

Preferably in the compounds of formula (1)

-   Z₁ is the direct bond; or

wherein

-   R₇ and R₈ are defined as in formula (1).

Preferably in formula (1)

-   m is 2.

Most preferred nitro-sulfide dyes correspond to formula

-   R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen;    C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl;    NO₂; or —NH(CO)—CH₃;-   Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or    C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene);-   X is the direct bond; or C₁-C₅alkylene;-   Z₁ is the direct bond; or

and

-   R₇ and R₈ each independently from each other are hydrogen;    C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or    C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl).

In formula (2) preferably

-   R₁, R₂ and R₃ independently from each other are hydrogen; NO₂; NH₂;    carboxy; —C(O)OH; or —NH(CO)—CH₃;-   Y₁ is C₁-C₅alkylene;-   Z₁ is the direct bond; or

and

-   R₇ and R₈ each independently from each other are hydrogen; or    C₁-C₁₄alkyl.

The nitro-sulfide dyes used in the present invention are derived formnitro-dyes, ie. the phenyl moieties

correspond to nitro dyes well known in the literature, for example thefollowing nitro dyes listed in the table below:

R_(a) R_(b) R_(c) R_(d) R_(e) R_(f) —O—CH₃ —NHCH₂CH₂OH —NH₂ —NH₂—NHCH₂CH₂OH —NO₂ —NHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH NO₂ —CF₃ —NHCH₂CH₂OH NO₂ Cl—N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ —NO₂ —NO₂ —NH₂ —NHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH —NO₂

Cl —NH₂ NO₂ —NHCH₂CH₂OH NO₂ NH₂ —NHCH₂CH₂OH NO₂ NH₂ —NO₂

—NHCH₂CH₂NH₂ NO₂ —OCH₂CH₂OH —NHCH₂CH₂OH NO₂ —OCH₂CH(OH)OH —NHCH₂CH₂OH—CH₃ —NH₂ NO₂ —NH(CH₂)₃OH —NO₂ —N(CH₂)₂OH —NH(CH₂)₂OH —NO₂ —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂

—NO₂ —NO₂ —NHCH₃ —NHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH NO₂

—NHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH NO₂

—NH(CH₂)₂OH NO₂

Alkylene is generally C₁-C₁₀alkylene, for example methylene, ethylene,propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, sec-butylene, tert-butylene,n-pentylene, 2-pentylene 3-pentylene, 2,2′-dimethylpropylene,cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, n-hexylene, n-octylene,1,1′,3,3′-tetramethylbutylene, 2-ethylhexylene, nonylene or decylene.

Alkylene may be straight-chain, branched, or, from C₅alkyl upwards,monocyclic or polycyclic, and may be interrupted by hetero atoms, suchas such as O, S, —CO—, N, NH, NR₅₄, —OCO—, —CO(OR₄)—, —CONR₄—,—(R₅)NC(O)—; for example C₁-C₁₀alkylene may be a residue such as:—CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CH₂—O—CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—CH(N(CH₃)₂)—CH₂—CH₂—,CH₂—NH₂—CH₂—CH₂, or —CH₂CH₂—NH—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—NCH₃—CH₂CH₂—, or—CO—CH₂—, or —CH₂CO—, or —CH₂CH₂—NHCO—CH₂CH₂—, or—CH₂CH₂—CONH—CH₃—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—NCH₃CO—CH₂CH₂—, or—CH₂CH₂—CONCH₃—CH₃—CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂—NHCO—CH₂CH₂—, or —CH₂CH₂—NHCO—CH₂—,or —CH₂CH₂—CONH—CH₂— or —CH₂—CONH—CH₂CH₂—.

Arylene is generally C₆-C₁₀arylene; for example phenyl or naphthyl;

Aryl-alkylene is for example C₅-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkylene,C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₂alkylene, alkyl-arylene is for exampleC₁-C₁₀alkyl-C₅-C₁₀arylene or C₁-C₂alkyl-C₆-C₁₀arylene.

C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene is for example cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene,morpholylene or piperidinylene.

C₁-C₁₆alkyl is for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl,2,2′-dimethylpropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl,1,1′,3,3′-tetramethylbutyl or 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecy,dodecyl, tredecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl or hexadecyl.

C₁-C₆alkoxy is preferably methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentyloxy.

C₅-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkylene is, for example, phenyl-C₁-C₁₀alkylene ornaphthyl-C₁-C₁₀alkylene.

Halide is, for example, fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide,especially chloride and fluoride.

“Anion” denotes, for example, an organic or inorganic anion, such ashalide, preferably chloride and fluoride, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate,phosphate, boron tetrafluoride, carbonate, bicarbonate, oxalate orC₁-C₈alkyl sulfate, especially methyl sulfate or ethyl sulfate; anionalso denotes lactate, formiate, acetate, propionate or a complex anion,such as the zinc chloride double salt.

The anion is especially a halide, preferably chloride or fluoride,sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, phosphate,formiate, acetate or lactate.

The anion is more especially fluoride, chloride, methyl sulfate, ethylsulfate, formiate or acetate.

A biradical or radical of a heterocyclic compound is for example abiradical or radical of thiophenyl, 1,3-thiazolyl, 1,2-thiazolyl,1,3-benzothiazolyl, 2,3-benzothiazolyl, imidazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl,1,3,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, pyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl,benzopyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl and isoxazolyl.

Preferred biradical or radical of a heterocyclic compound is for example1,3-thiazolyl, 1,2-thiazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl, 2,3-benzothiazolyl,imidazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl,pyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl,pyrimidinyl and isoxazolyl. More preferred cationic heterocycliccompounds are imidazolyl, pyridinyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl and 1,3-thiazolyl.

In the present invention a biradical or radical of an aromatic compoundis for example phenyl, naphthyl, thiophenyl, 1,3-thiazolyl,1,2-thiazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl, 2,3-benzothiazolyl, imidazolyl,1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, pyrazolyl,benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl andisoxazolyl, aminodiphenyl, aminodiphenylether or azobenzenyl.

The biradical or radical of a heterocyclic or aromatic compound isunsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted, for example by C₁-C₄alkyl,C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₁-C₄alkylthio, halogen, e.g. fluorine, bromine orchlorine, nitro, trifluoromethyl, CN, SCN, C₁-C₄alkylsulfonyl,phenylsulfonyl, benzylsulfonyl, di-C₁-C₄alkylaminosulfonyl,C₁-C₄alkyl-carbonylamino, C₁-C₄alkoxysulfonyl or bydi-(hydroxy-C₁-C₄alkyl)-aminosulfonyl.

The dyes used for the process of the present invention corresponding toformula

-   R₁, R₂, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl    or C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or more    C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,    di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; C₃-C₆cycloalkyl; —C(O)H;    —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; halogen; NO₂; OH; SH;    phenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl,    C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,    di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; or a radical of formula (1a)    —NR₄R₅, wherein-   R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₂alkyl,    which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkoxy,    hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄alkyl,    wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more    C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,    di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of    formula

wherein at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ or R₃ is NO₂;

-   Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or    C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene);-   Z₁ is the direct bond;

or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromaticgroup;

-   Q₁ is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R₆)—X₂—; —CON(R₆)—; —(R₆)NC(O)—;    —O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O)₂—;-   X₁ and X₂ independently from each other are the direct bond;    C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; or    C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); and-   R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently from each other are hydrogen;    C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or    C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl);-   m is 1; or 2;-   U is hydrogen, if m is 1; or the direct bond, if m is 2;-   are novel.

They are a further object of the present invention.

A further embodiment of the present invention relates to processes forthe preparation of the dyes of formula (1).

The reaction is generally initiated by mixing together the startingcompounds or by dropwise addition of one starting compound to the other.

Customary, the temperature is in the range of 273 to 300 K, preferably290 to 300 K during the mixing of the starting compounds.

The reaction time is generally dependent on the reactivity of thestarting compounds, on the selected reaction temperature and on thedesired conversion. The selected reaction time is usually in the rangefrom one hour to three days.

The reaction temperature is preferably from 273 to 340K, especially from273 to 335K.

The selected reaction pressure is generally from 70 kPa to 10 MPa,especially from 90 kPa to 5 MPa, and more especially atmosphericpressure.

It may by desirable to carry out the reaction in the presence of acatalyst.

The molar ratio of compound of formula (1a) to the catalyst is generallyselected in the range from 10:1 to 1:5, especially in the range from10:1 to 1:1.

Suitable catalysts are for example an alkali metal C₁-C₆alkyloxide, suchas sodium-, potassium or lithium C₁-C₆alkyloxide, preferably sodiummethoxide, potassium methoxide or lithium methoxide, or sodium ethoxide,potassium ethoxide or lithium ethoxide; or tertiary amines, for example,such as chinuclidine, N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, trimethylamine,triethylamine, trioctylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan,chinuclidine, N-methylpiperidine; or alkalimetal acetate, for examplesuch as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, or lithium acetate.

Preferred are potassium acetate, sodium methoxide, pyridine and1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-octan.

In addition, the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent,but is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent, preferablyorganic solvents or solvent mixtures.

Solvents are organic solvents and water, or a mixture of organicsolvents or a mixture of organic solvents and water.

Organic solvents are for example, protic or aprotic polar organicsolvents, such as alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, n-propanol,isopropanol, butanol or glycols, especially isopropanol, or nitrile,such as acetonitrile or propionitrile, or amide, such asdimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyridine,N-methylpyrolidon, or sulfoxide, such as dimethylsulfoxide, or mixturesthereof.

The product prepared according to the process of the present inventionmay be advantageously worked up and isolated, and if desired bepurified.

Customary, the work up starts by decreasing the temperature of thereaction mixture in the range from 280 to 300 K, especially in the rangefrom 290 to 300 K.

It may be advantageous to decrease the temperature slowly, i.e. over aperiod of several hours.

Generally, the reaction product is filtered off and then washed withwater or a salt solution and subsequently dried.

Filtration is normally carried out in a standard filtering equipment,for example Büchner funnels, filter presses, pressurised suctionfilters, preferably in vacuo.

The temperature for the drying is dependent on the applied pressure.Drying is usually carried out in vacuo at 50-200 mbar.

The drying is usually carried out at a temperature in the range from 313to 363 K, especially from 323 to 353 K, and more especially in the rangefrom 328 to 348 K.

Advantageously the product is purified by recrystallisation afterisolation.

Organic solvents and solvent mixtures are suitable for therecrystallisation, preferably alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol,2-propanol or butanol, especially 2-propanol.

The dyes of formula (1) according to the invention are suitable fordyeing organic materials, such as keratin-containing fibers, wool,leather, silk, cellulose or polyamides, cotton or nylon, and preferablyhuman hair. The dyeings obtained are distinguished by their depth ofshade and their good fastness properties to washing, such as, forexample, fastness to light, shampooing and rubbing. The stability, inparticular the storage stability of the dyes according to the inventionare excellent.

Generally, hair dyeing agents on a synthetic base may be classified intothree groups:

-   -   temporary dyeing agents    -   semipermanent dyeing agents, and    -   permanent dyeing agents.

The multiplicity of shades of the dyes can be increased by combinationwith other dyes.

Therefore the dyes of formula (1) of the present invention may becombined with dyes of the same or other classes of dyes, especially withdirect dyes, oxidation dyes; dye precursor combinations of a couplercompound as well as a diazotized compound, or a capped diazotizedcompound; and/or cationic reactive dyes.

Direct dyes are of natural origin or may be prepared synthetically. Theyare uncharged, cationic or anionic, such as acid dyes.

The dyes of formula (1) may be used in combination with at least onesingle direct dye different from the dyes of formula (1).

Direct dyes do not require any addition of an oxidizing agent to developtheir dyeing effect.

Accordingly the dyeing results are less permanent than those obtainedwith permanent dyeing compositions. Direct dyes are therefore preferablyused for semipermanent hair dyeings.

Examples of direct dyes are described in “Dermatology”, edited by Ch.Culnan, H. Maibach, Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basle, 1986,Vol. 7, Ch. Zviak, The Science of Hair Care, chapter 7, p. 248-250, andin “Europäisches Inventar der Kosmetikrohstoffe”, 1996, published by TheEuropean Commission, obtainable in diskette form from the Bundesverbandder deutschen Industrie-und Handelsunternehmen für Arzneimittel,Reformwaren und Körperpflegemittel e.V., Mannheim.

More preferred direct dyes which are useful for the combination with atleast one single dye of formula (1), especially for semipermanentdyeing, are: 2-amino-3-nitrophenol, 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylamino-anisolesulfate, 2-amino-6-chloro-4-nitrophenol,2-chloro-5-nitro-N-hydroxyethylene-p-phenylendiamine,2-hydroxyethyl-picramic acid,2,6-diamino-3-((pyridine-3yl)-azo)pyridine,2-nitro-5-glyceryl-methylaniline, 3-methylamino-4-nitro-phenoxyethanol,4-amino-2-nitrodiphenyleneamine-2′-carboxilic acid,6-nitro-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydroquinoxaline,4-N-ethyl-1,4-bis(2′-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitrobenzene hydrochloride,1-methyl-3-nitro-4-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-aminobenzene,3-nitro-p-hydroxyethyl-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-nitrophenol,4-hydroxypropylamine-3-nitrophenol, hydroxyanthrylaminopropylmethylmorphlino methosulfate, 4-nitrophenyl-aminoethylurea,6-nitro-p-toluidine, Acid Blue 62, Acid Blue 9, Acid Red 35, Acid Red 87(Eosin), Acid Violet 43, Acid Yellow 1, Basic Blue 3, Basic Blue 6,Basic Blue 7, Basic Blue 9, Basic Blue 12, Basic Blue 26, Basic Blue 99,Basic Brown 16, Basic Brown 17, Basic Red 2, Basic Red 22, Basic Red 76,Basic Violet 14, Basic Yellow 57, Basic Yellow 9, Disperse Blue 3,Disperse Orange 3, Disperse Red 17, Disperse Violet 1, Disperse Violet4, Disperse Black 9, Fast Green FCF, HC Blue 2, HC Blue 7, HC Blue 8, HCBlue 12, HC Orange 1, HC Orange 2, HC Red 1, HC Red 10-11, HC Red 13, HCRed 16, HC Red 3, HC Red BN, HC Red 7, HC Violet 1, HC Violet 2, HCYellow 2, HC Yellow 5, HC Yellow 5, HC Yellow 6, HC Yellow 7, HC Yellow9, HC Yellow 12, HC Red 8, hydroxyethyl-2-nitro-p-toluidine,N,N-Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-nitro-p-phenylendiamine, HC Violet BS,Picramic Acid, Solvent Green 7.

Furthermore, the dyes of formula (1) may be combined with at least onecationic azo dye, for example the compounds disclosed in GB-A-2 319 776as well as the oxazine dyes described in DE-A-299 12 327 and mixturesthereof with the other direct dyes mentioned therein, and even morepreferred with cationic dyes such as Basic Yellow 87, Basic Orange 31 orBasic Red 51, or with cationic dyes as described in WO 01/66646,especially example 4, or with cationic dyes as described in WO 02/31056,especially example 6 (compound of formula 106); or the cationic dye offormula (3) as described in EP-A-714,954, or with a yellow cationic dyeof formula

-   R₁ and R₂ are each independently of the other a C₁-C₈alkyl; or an    unsubstituted or substituted benzyl;-   R₃ is hydrogen; C₁-C₈alkyl; C₁-C₈alkoxy; cyanide; or halide;    preferably hydrogen; and-   X⁻ is an anion; and preferably a compound of formula (DD1), wherein-   R₁ is methyl; R₂ is benzyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and X⁻ is an anion; or    wherein-   R₁ is benzyl; R₂ is benzyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and X⁻ is an anion; or    wherein-   R₁ is benzyl; R₂ is methyl; R₃ is hydrogen; and X⁻ is an anion.

Furthermore, cationic nitroaniline and anthraquinone dyes are useful fora combination with a dye of formula (1), for example the dyes asdescribed in the following patent specifications: U.S. Pat. No.5,298,029, especially in col 2, l. 33 to col 5, l. 38; U.S. Pat. No.5,360,930, especially in col 2, l. 38 to col 5, l. 49; U.S. Pat. No.5,169,403, especially in col 2, l. 30 to col 5, l. 38; U.S. Pat. No.5,256,823, especially in col 4, l. 23 to col 5, l. 15; U.S. Pat. No.5,135,543, especially in col 4, l. 24 to col 5, l. 16; EP-A-818 193,especially on p. 2, l. 40 to p. 3, l. 26; U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,629,especially in col 2, l. 34 to col 5, l. 29; and EP-A-758 547, especiallyon p. 7, l. 48 to p. 8, l. 19.

The dyes of formula (1) may also be combined with acid dyes, for examplethe dyes which are known from the international names (Color index), ortrade names.

Preferred acid dyes which are useful for the combination with a dye offormula (1) are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,314. They include RedColor No. 120, Yellow Color No. 4, Yellow Color No. 5, Red Color No.201, Red Color No. 227, Orange Color No. 205, Brown Color No. 201, RedColor No. 502, Red Color No. 503, Red Color No. 504, Red Color No. 506,Orange Color No. 402, Yellow Color No. 402, Yellow Color No. 406, YellowColor No. 407, Red Color No. 213, Red Color No. 214, Red Color No. 3,Red Color No. 104, Red Color No. 105(1), Red Color No. 106, Green ColorNo. 2, Green Color No. 3, Orange Color No. 207, Yellow Color No. 202(1),Yellow Color No. 202(2), Blue Color No. 202, Blue Color No. 203, BlueColor No. 205, Blue Color No. 2, Yellow Color No. 203, Blue Color No.201, Green Color No. 201, Blue Color NO. 1, Red Color No. 230(1), RedColor No. 231, Red Color No. 232, Green Color No. 204, Green Color No.205, Red Color No. 401, Yellow Color No. 403(1), Green Color No. 401,Green Color No. 402, Black Color No. 401 and Purple Color No. 401,especially Black Color No. 401, Purple Color 401, Orange Color No. 205.

These acid dyes may be used either as single component or in anycombination thereof.

Hair dye compositions comprising an acid dye are known. They are forexample described in “Dermatology”, edited by Ch. Culnan, H. Maibach,Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basle, 1986, Vol. 7, Ch. Zviak, TheScience of Hair Care, chapter 7, p. 248-250, especially on p. 253 and254.

Hair dye compositions which comprise an acid dye have a pH of 2-6,preferably 2-5, more preferably 2.5-4.0.

The dyes of formula (1) according to the present invention may alsoreadily be used in combination with acid dyes and/or adjuvants, forexample

-   -   acid dyes and an alkylene carbonate, as described in U.S. Pat.        No. 6,248,314, especially in examples 1 and 2;    -   acid hair dye compositions comprising various kinds of organic        solvents represented by benzyl alcohol as a penetrant solvent        have good penetrability into hair, as described in Japanese        Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 210023/1986 and 101841/1995;    -   acid hair dye compositions with a water-soluble polymer or the        like to prevent the drooping of the hair dye composition, as        described for example in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open        Nos. 87450/1998, 255540/1997 and 245348/1996;    -   acid hair dye compositions with a water-soluble polymer of        aromatic alcohols, lower alkylene carbonates, or the like as        described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.        53970/1998 and Japanese Patent Invention No. 23911/1973.

The dyes of formula (1) may also be combined with uncharged dyes, forexample selected from the group of the nitroanilines,nitrophenylenediamines, nitroaminophenols, anthraquinones, indophenols,phenazines, phenothiazines, bispyrazolons, bispyrazol aza derivativesand methines.

Furthermore, the dyes of formula (1) may also be used in combinationwith oxidation dye systems.

Oxidation dyes, which, in the initial state, are not dyes but dyeprecursors are classified according to their chemical properties intodeveloper and coupler compounds.

Suitable oxidation dyes are described for example in

-   -   DE 19 959 479, especially in col 2, l. 6 to col 3, l. 11;    -   “Dermatology”, edited by Ch. Culnan, H. Maibach, Verlag Marcel        Dekker Inc., New York, Basle, 1986, Vol. 7, Ch. Zviak, The        Science of Hair Care, chapter 8, on p. 264-267 (oxidation dyes);

Preferred developer compounds are for example primary aromatic amines,which are substituted in the para- or ortho-position with a substitutedor unsubstituted hydroxy- or amino residue, or diaminopyridinederivatives, heterocyclic hydrazones, 4-aminopyrazol derivatives,2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine derivatives, or unsaturated aldehydes asdescribed in DE 19 717 224, especially on p. 2, l. 50 to l. 66 and on p.3 l. 8 to l. 12, or cationic developer compounds as described in WO00/43367, especially on p., 2 l. 27 to p. 8, l. 24, in particular on p.9, l. 22 to p. 11, l. 6.

Furthermore, developer compounds in their physiological compatible acidaddition salt form, such as hydrochloride or sulfate can be used.Developer compounds, which have aromatic OH radicals are also suitablein their salt form together with a base, such as alkalimetal-phenolates.

Preferred developer compounds are disclosed in DE 19959479, p. 2, l.8-29.

More preferred developer compounds are p-phenylendiamine,p-toluoylendiamine, p-, m- o-aminophenol,N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine sulfate,2-amino-4-hydroxyethylaminoanisole sulfate,hydroxyethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyaniline,1-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-2,5-diaminobenzene,2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-diamino-pyridine,hydroxypropyl-bis-(N-hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine) hydrochloride,hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 4-amino-3-methylphenol,4-methylaminophenol sulfate, 2-aminomethyl-4-aminophenol,4,5-diamino-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol, 4-amino-m-cresol,6-amino-m-cresol, 5-amino-6-chloro-cresol, 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine,2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine or 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidinesulfate.

Preferred coupler compounds are m-phenylendiamine derivatives,naphthole, resorcine and resorcine derivatives, pyrazolone andm-aminophenol derivatives, and most preferably the coupler compoundsdisclosed in DE 19959479, p. 1, l. 33 to p. 3, l. 11.

The dyes of formula (1) may also be used together with unsaturatedaldehydes as disclosed in DE 19 717 224 (p. 2, l. 50 to l. 66 and on p.3 l. 8 to l. 12) which may be used as direct dyes or, alternativelytogether with oxidation dye precursors.

Further preferred for a combination with a dye of formula (1) are thefollowing oxidation dye precursors:

-   -   the developer/-coupler combination 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine        and 2-methylresorcine for assessing of red shades;    -   p-toluenediamine and 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene for assessing of        blue-violet shades;    -   p-toluenediamine and 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylaminoanisole for        assessing of blue shades;    -   p-toluenediamine and 2,4-diamino-phenoxyethynol for assessing of        blue shades;    -   methyl-4-aminophenol and 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene for assessing        of orange shades;    -   p-toluenediamine and resorcine for assessing of brown-green        shades;    -   p-toluenediamine and 1-naphthol for assessing of blue-violet        shades, or    -   p-toluenediamine and 2-methylresorcine for assessing of        brown-gold shades.

Furthermore, autooxidizable compounds may be used in combination withthe dyes of formula (1).

Autooxidizable compounds are aromatic compounds with more than twosubstituents in the aromatic ring, which have a very low redox potentialand will therefore be oxidized when exposed to the air. The dyeingsobtained with these compounds are very stable and resistant to shampoo.

Autooxidizable compounds are for example benzene, indol, or indoline,especially 5,6-dihydroxyindol or 5,6-dihydroxyindoline derivatives asdescribed in WO 99/20234, especially on p. 26, l. 10 to p. 28, l. 15, orin WO 00/28957 on p. 2, third paragraph.

Preferred autooxidizable benzene derivatives are1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, 1-methyl-2,4,5-trihydroxybenzene,2,4-diamino-6-methylphenol, 2-amino-4-methylaminophenol,2,5-diamino-4-methyl-phenol, 2,6-diamino-4-diethylaminophenol,2,6-diamino-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, and the salts of these compounds,which are accessible with acid.

Preferred autooxidizable indol derivatives are 5,6-dihydroxyindol,2-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindol, 3-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole,1-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindol, 2,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydroxyindol,5-methoxy-6-dihydroxyindol, 5-acetoxy-6-hydroxyindol,5,6-diacetoxyindol, acid of 5,6-dihydroxyindol-2-carbonacid, and thesalts of these compounds, which are accessible with acid.

The dyes of formula (1) may also be used in combination with naturallyoccurring dyes, such ashenna red, henna neutral, henna black, chamomileblossom, sandalwood, black tea, Rhamnus frangula bark, sage, campechewood, madder root, catechu, sedre and alkanet root. Such dyeings aredescribed, for example, in EP-A-404 868, especially on p. 3, l. 55 to p.4, l. 9.

Furthermore, the dyes of formula (1) may also be used in combinationwith capped diazotised compounds.

Suitable diazotised compounds are for example the compounds of formulae(1)-(4) in WO 2004/019897 (bridging gages 1 and 2) and the correspondingwatersoluble coupling components (I)-(IV) as disclosed in the samereference on p. 3 to

Further preferred dyes or dye combinations which are useful for thecombination with a dye of formula (1) according to the present inventionare described in

-   (DC-01): WO 95/01772, wherein mixtures of at least two cationic dyes    are disclosed, especially p. 2, l. 7 to p. 4, l. 1, preferably p.    4, l. 35 to p. 8, l. 21; formulations p. 11, last §-p. 28, l. 19;-   (DC-02): U.S. Pat. No. 6,843,256, wherein cationic dyes are    disclosed, especially the compounds of formulae (1), (2), (3)    and (4) (col. 1, l. 27-col. 3, l. 20, and preferably the compounds    as prepared in the examples 1 to 4 (col. 10, l. 42 to col. 13, l.    37; formulations col. 13, l. 38 to col. 15, l. 8;-   (DC-03): EP 970 685, wherein direct dyes are described,    especially p. 2, l. 44 to p. 9, l. 56 and preferably p. 9, l. 58    to p. 48, l. 12; processes for dyeing of keratin-containing fibers    especially p. 50, l. 15 to 43; formulations p. 50, l. 46 to p.    51, l. 40;-   (DC-04): DE-A-19 713 698, wherein direct dyes are described,    especially p. 2, l. 61 to p. 3, l. 43; formulations p. 5, l. 26 to    60;-   (DC-05): U.S. Pat. No. 6,368,360, wherein directed dyes (col. 4, l.    1 to col. 6, l. 31) and oxidizing agents (col. 6, l. 37-39) are    disclosed; formulations col. 7, l. 47 to col. 9, l. 4;-   (DC-06): EP 1 166 752, wherein cationic dyes (p. 3, l. 22-p.    4, l. 15) and anionic UV-absorbers (p. 4, l. 27-30) are disclosed;    formulations p. 7, l. 50-p. 9, l. 56;-   (DC-07): EP 998,908, wherein oxidation dyeings comprising a cationic    direct dye and pyrazolo-[1,5-a]-pyrimidines (p. 2, l. 48-p. 4, l. 1)    are disclosed; dyeing formulations p. 47, l. 25 to p. 50, l. 29;-   (DC-08): FR-2788432, wherein combinations of cationic dyes with    Arianors are disclosed, especially p. 53, l. 1 to p. 63, l. 23, more    especially p. 51 to 52, most especially Basic Brown 17, Basic brown    16, Basic Red 76 and Basic Red 118, and/or at least one Basic Yellow    57, and/or at least one Basic Blue 99; or combinations of arianoren    and/or oxidative dyes, especially p. 2, l. 16 to p. 3, l. 16; dyeing    formulations on p. 53, l. 1 to p. 63, l. 23;-   (DC-09): DE-A-19 713 698, wherein the combinations of direct dyes    and permanent-wave fixing comprising an oxidation agent, an    oxidation dye and a direct dye are disclosed; especially p. 4, l. 65    to p. 5, l. 59;-   (DC-10): EP 850 638, wherein developer compounds and oxidizing    agents are disclosed; especially p. 2, l. 27 to p. 7, l. 46 and    preferably p. 7, l. 20 to p. 9, l. 26; dyeing formulations p. 2, l.    3-12 and l. 30 to p. 14, and p. 28, l. 35-p. 30, l. 20;    preferably p. 30, l. 25-p. 32, l. 30;-   (DC-11): U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,421 wherein extemporaneous mixtures of    a composition (A) containing one or more oxidation dye precursors    and optionally one or more couplers, of a composition (B), in powder    form, containing one or more direct dyes (col. 5, l. 40-col. 7, l.    14), optionally dispersed in an organic pulverulent excipient and/or    a mineral pulverulent excipient, and a composition (C) containing    one or more oxidizing agents are disclosed; formulations col. 8, l.    60-col. 9, l. 56;-   (DC-12): U.S. Pat. No. 6,228,129, wherein a ready-to-use composition    comprising at least one oxidation base, at least one cationic direct    dye and at least one enzyme of the 2-electron oxidoreductase type in    the presence of at least one donor for the said enzyme are    disclosed; especially col. 8, l. 17-col. 13, l. 65; dyeing    formulations in col. 2, l. 16 to col. 25, l. 55, a multi-compartment    dyeing device is described in col. 26, l. 13-24;-   (DC-13): WO 99/20235, wherein compositions of at least one cationic    dye and at least one nitrated benzene dye with cationic direct dyes    and nitro benzene direct dyes are described; on p. 2, l. 1 to p.    7, l. 9, and p. 39, l. 1 to p. 40 l. 11, preferably p. 8, l. 12    to p. 25 l. 6, p. 26, l. 7 top. 30, l. 15; p. 1, l. 25 top. 8, l.    5, p. 30, l. 17 to p. 34 l. 25, p. 8, l. 12 to p. 25 l. 6, p. 35, l.    21 to 27, especially on p. 36, l. 1 to p. 37;-   (DC-14): WO 99/20234, wherein compositions comprising at least one    direct cationic dye and at least one autooxidisable dye, especially    benzene, indol and indoline derivatives are described, preferably    direct dyes on p. 2, l. 19 to p. 26, l. 4, and autooxidisable dyes    as disclosed especially on p. 26, l. 10 to p. 28, l. 15; dyeing    formulations especially on p. 34, l. 5 to p. 35, li 18;-   (DC-15): EP 850 636, wherein oxidation dyeing compositions    comprising at least one direct dye and at least one meta-aminophenol    derivative as coupler component and at least one developer compound    and an oxidizing agent are disclosed, especially p. 5, l. 41 to p.    7, l. 52, dyeing formulations p. 19, l. 50-p. 22, l. 12;-   (DC-16): EP-A-850 637, wherein oxidation dyeing compositions    comprising at least one oxidation base selected from    para-phenylenediamines and bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, and the    acid-addition salts thereof, at least one coupler selected from    meta-diphenols, and the acid-addition salts thereof, at least one    cationic direct dye, and at least one oxidizing agent are disclosed,    especially p. 6, l. 50 to p. 8, l. 44 are disclosed; dyeing    formulations p. 21, l. 30-p. 22, l. 57;-   (DC-17): WO 99/48856, wherein oxidation dyeing compositions    comprising cationic couplers are disclosed, especially p. 9, l.    16-p. 13, l. 8, and p. 11, l. 20-p. 12, l. 13; dyeing    formulations p. 36, l. 7-p. 39, l. 24;-   (DC-18): DE 197 172 24, wherein dyeing agents comprising unsaturated    aldehydes and coupler compounds and primary and secondary amino    group compounds, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, amino    acids, oligopeptides, aromatic hydroxy compounds, and/or at least    one CH-active compound are disclosed p. 3, l. 42-p. 5 l. 25; dyeing    formulations p. 8, l. 25-p. 9, l. 61.

In the dye combinations disclosed in the references (DC-01-DC-18) above,the dyes of formula (1) according to the present invention may be addedto the dye combinations or dyeing formulations or at least one of thedyes disclosed in these references may be replaced with at least one dyeof formula (1).

The present invention also relates to formulations, which are used forthe dyeing of organic materials, preferably keratin-containing fibers,and most preferably human hair, comprising at least one dye of formula(1).

The present invention also relates to formulations, which are used forthe dyeing of organic materials, preferably keratin-containing fibers,and most preferably human hair, comprising at least

-   (a) 0.001 to 5, preferably 0.005 to 4, more particularly 0.2 to 3%    b.w. of at least one dye of formula (1);-   (b) 1 to 40, preferably 5 to 30% b.w. of a solvent; and-   (c) 0.01 to 20% b.w. of an adjuvant.

The formulations may be applied on the keratin-containing fiber,preferably the human hair in different technical forms.

Technical forms of formulations are for example a solution, especially athickened aqueous or aqueous alcoholic solution, a cream, foam, shampoo,powder, a gel, or an emulsion.

Customary the dyeing compositions are applied to the keratin-containingfiber in an amount of 50 to 100 g.

The dyeing compositions of the present invention are applied on the hairin a temperature range of 25 to 200, preferably 18 to 80, and mostpreferably from 20 to 40° C.

Preferred forms of formulations are ready-to-use compositions ormulti-compartment dyeing devices or ‘kits’ or any of themulti-compartment packaging systems with compartments as described forexample in U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,421, col 2, l. 16 to 31.

The pH value of the ready-to-use dyeing compositions is usually from 2to 11, preferably from 5 to 10.

Preferably the dyeing compositions, which are not stable to reduction,are prepared with oxidizing agent free compositions just before thedyeing process.

One preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to theformulation of dyes, wherein the dyes of formula (1) are in powder form.

Powder formulations are preferably used if stability and/or solubilityproblems as for example described in DE 197 13 698, p. 2, l. 26 to 54and p. 3, l. 51 to p. 4, l. 25, and p. 4, l. 41 to p. 5 l. 59.

Suitable cosmetic hair-care formulations are hair-treatmentpreparations, e.g. hair-washing preparations in the form of shampoos andconditioners, hair-care preparations, e.g. pre-treatment preparations orleave-on products such as sprays, creams, gels, lotions, mousses andoils, hair tonics, styling creams, styling gels, pomades, hair rinses,treatment packs, intensive hair treatments, hair-structuringpreparations, e.g. hair-waving preparations for permanent waves (hotwave, mild wave, cold wave), hair-straightening preparations, liquidhair-setting preparations, hair foams, hairsprays, bleachingpreparations, e.g. hydrogen peroxide solutions, lightening shampoos,bleaching creams, bleaching powders, bleaching pastes or oils,temporary, semi-permanent or permanent hair colorants, preparationscontaining self-oxidizing dyes, or natural hair colorants, such as hennaor chamomile.

For use on human hair, the dyeing compositions of the present inventioncan usually be incorporated into an aqueous cosmetic carrier. Suitableaqueous cosmetic carriers include, for example W/O, O/W, O/W/O, W/O/W orPIT emulsions and all kinds of microemulsions, creams, sprays,emulsions, gels, powders and also surfactant-containing foamingsolutions, e.g. shampoos or other preparations, that are suitable foruse on keratin-containing fibers. Such forms of use are described indetail in Research Disclosure 42448 (August 1999). If necessary, it isalso possible to incorporate the dyeing compositions into anhydrouscarriers, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,369,970,especially col 1, l. 70 to col 3, l. 55. The dyeing compositionsaccording to the invention are also excellently suitable for the dyeingmethod described in DE-A-3 829 870 using a dyeing comb or a dyeingbrush.

The constituents of the aqueous carrier are present in the dyeingcompositions of the present invention in the customary amounts, forexample emulsifiers may be present in the dyeing compositions inconcentrations of from 0.5 to 30% b.w. and thickeners in concentrationsof from 0.1 to 25% b.w. of the total dyeing composition.

Further carriers for dying compositions are for example described in“Dermatology”, edited by Ch. Culnan, H. Maibach, Verlag Marcel DekkerInc., New York, Basle, 1986, Vol. 7, Ch. Zviak, The Science of HairCare, chapter 7, p. 248-250, especially on p. 243, l. 1 to p. 244, l.12.

A shampoo has, for example, the following composition:

0.01 to 5% b.w. of a dye of formula (1);8% b.w of disodium PEG-5 laurylcitrate Sulfosuccinate, Sodium LaurethSulfate;20% b.w. of sodium cocoamphoacetate;0.5% b.w. of methoxy PEG/PPG-7/3 aminopropyl dimethicone;0.3% b.w. of hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropytrimonium chloride;2.5% b.w. of PEG-200 hydrogenated glyceryl pal mate; PEG-7 glycerylcocoate;0.5% b.w. of PEG-150 distearate;2.2% b.w of citric acid;perfume, preservatives; andwater ad 100%.

The dyes of formula (1) may be stored in a liquid to paste-likepreparation (aqueous or non-aqueous) or in the form of a dry powder.

When the dyes and adjuvants are stored together in a liquid preparation,the preparation should be substantially anhydrous in order to reducereaction of the compounds.

The dyeing compositions according to the invention may comprise anyactive ingredients, additives or adjuvants known for such preparations,like surfactants, solvents, bases, acids, perfumes, polymeric adjuvants,thickeners and light stabilisers.

The following adjuvants are preferably used in the hair dyeingcompositions of the present invention:

-   -   non-ionic polymers, for example vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acrylate        copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl        acetate copolymers and polysiloxanes;    -   cationic polymers, such as quaternised cellulose ethers,        polysiloxanes having quaternary groups, dimethyldiallylammonium        chloride polymers, copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium        chloride and acrylic acid, as available commercially under the        name Merquat® 280 and the use thereof in hair dyeing as        described, for example, in DE-A-4 421 031, especially p. 2, l.        20 to 49, or EP-A-953 334;    -   acrylamide/dimethyldiallylammonium chloride copolymers,        diethyl-sulfate-quaternised dimethylaminoethyl        methacrylate/vinylpyrrolidone copolymers,        vinylpyrrolidone/imidazolinium methochloride copolymers;    -   quaternised polyvinyl alcohol:    -   zwitterionic and amphoteric polymers, such as        acrylamido-propyltrimethylammonium chloride/acrylate copolymers        and octylacrylamide/methyl methacrylate/tert-butylaminoethyl        methacrylate/2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers;    -   anionic polymers, such as, for example, polyacrylic acids,        crosslinked polyacrylic acids, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid        copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl        acetate/butyl maleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl        vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers and acrylic acid/ethyl        acrylate/N-tert-butyl acrylamide terpolymers;    -   thickeners, such as agar, guar gum, alginates, xanthan gum, gum        arabic, karaya gum, locust bean flour, linseed gums, dextrans,        cellulose derivatives, e.g. methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl        cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, starch fractions and        derivatives, such amylose, amylopectin and dextrins, clays, e.g.        bentonite or fully synthetic hydrocolloids such as, for example,        polyvinyl alcohol;    -   structuring agents, such as glucose and maleic acid;    -   hair-conditioning compounds, such as phospholipids, for example        soya lecithin, egg lecithin, cephalins, silicone oils, and        conditioning compounds, such as those described in DE-A-19 729        080, especially p. 2, l. 20 to 49, EP-A-834 303, especially p.        2, l., 18-p. 3, l. 2, or EP-A-312 343, especially p. 2, l. 59-p.        3, l. 11;    -   protein hydrolysates, especially elastin, collagen, keratin,        milk protein, soya protein and wheat protein hydrolysates,        condensation products thereof with fatty acids and also        quaternised protein hydrolysates;    -   perfume oils, dimethyl isosorbitol and cyclodextrins,    -   solubilisers, such as ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol,        propylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol,

anti-dandruff active ingredients, such as piroctones, olamines and zincOmadine,

-   -   substances for adjusting the pH value;    -   panthenol, pantothenic acid, allantoin, pyrrolidonecarboxylic        acids and salts thereof, plant extracts and vitamins;    -   cholesterol;    -   light stabilisers and UV absorbers as listed in Table below:

TABLE 1 UV absorbers which may be used in the dyeing compositions of thepresent invention No. Chemical Name CAS No. 1(+/−)-1,7,7-trimethyl-3-[(4-methylphenyl)methylene]bicyclo- 36861-47-9[2.2.1]heptan-2-one 21,7,7-trimethyl-3-(phenylmethylene)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one 15087-24-83 (2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(4-methylphenyl)methanone 1641-17-4 42,4-dihydroxybenzophenone 131-56-6 5 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone131-55-5 6 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone; 131-57-7 72,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone 131-54-4 82,2′-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 131-53-3 91-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-70356-09-1 dione 10 3,3,5-Trimethyl cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy benzoate118-56-9 11 Isopentyl p-methoxycinnamate 71617-10-2 12Menthyl-o-aminobenzoate 134-09-8 13 Menthyl salicylate 89-46-3 142-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano,3,3-diphenylacrylate 6197-30-4 15 2-ethylhexyl4-(dimethylamino)benzoate 21245-02-3 16 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate5466-77-3 17 2-ethylhexyl salicylate 118-60-5 18 Benzoic acid,4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)tris-,tris(2- 88122-99-0ethylhexyl)ester; 2,4,6-Trianilino-(p-carbo-2′-ethylhexyl-1′-oxi)-1,3,5-triazine 19 Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, ethyl ester, polymer withoxirane 113010-52-9 20 2-Propenamide,N-[[4-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2- 147897-12-9ylidene)methyl]phenyl]methyl]-, homopolymer 21 Triethanolaminesalicylate 2174-16-5 222,2′-Methylene-bis-[6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-103597-45-1 butyl)-phenol] 232,4-bis{[4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxy]-phenyl}-6-(4- 187393-00-6methoxyphenyl)-(1,3,5)-triazine (Tinosorb S) 24 Benzoic acid,4,4′-[[6-[[4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]- 154702-15-5phenyl]amino]1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]diimino]bis-, bis(2-ethylhexyl)-ester 25 Phenol,2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-[2-methyl-3-[1,3,3,3- 155633-54-8tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propyl]- 26Dimethicodiethylbezalmalonate 207574-74-1 27 Benzoic acid,2-[4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-, hexyl ester 302776-68-7 281,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)- 7753-12-0 291,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris[4-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenyl]- 208114-14-1 302-Propenoic acid, 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)- 104-98-3 31 Benzoic acid,2-hydroxy-, [4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]methyl ester 94134-93-7 321,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-(4-aminobenzoate) 136-44-7 33 Benzeneacetic acid,3,4-dimethoxy-a-oxo- 4732-70-1 34 2-Propenoic acid,2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-, ethyl ester 5232-99-5 35 Anthralinic acid,p-menth-3-yl ester 134-09-8 36 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine,N,N′-bis[4-[5-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-2- 288254-16-0benzoxazolyl]phenyl]-N″-(2-ethylhexyl)- or Uvasorb K2A 372-Hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid 4065-45-6 38Alpha-(2-oxoborn-3-ylidene)toluene-4-sulphonic acid and its salts56039-58-8 39 MethylN,N,N-trimethyl-4-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxobicyclo[2,2,1]hept- 52793-97-22-ylidene)methyl]anilinium sulphate; 40 4-aminobenzoic acid 150-13-0 412-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid 27503-81-7 423,3′-(1,4-phenylenedimethylene)bis[7,7-dimethyl-2-oxo- 90457-82-2bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-methanesulfonic acid] 431H-Benzimidazole-4,6-disulfonic acid, 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis-,180898-37-7 disodium salt 44 Benzenesulfonic acid,3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(1- 92484-48-5 methylpropyl)-,monosodium salt 45 1-Dodecanaminium,N-[3-[[4-(dimethylamino)benzoyl]amino]- 156679-41-3propyl]N,N-dimethyl-, salt with 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (1:1) 461-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-177190-98-6 amino]-, chloride 47 1H-Benzimidazole-4,6-disulfonic acid,2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis- 170864-82-1 48 1-Propanaminium,3-[[3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethyl- 340964-15-0ethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropyl]amino]-N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-, methylsulfate (salt) 492,2′-bis(1,4-phenylene)-1H-benzimidazole-4,6-disulphonic acid mo-349580-12-7, no sodium salt or Disodium phenyl dibenzimidazoletetrasulfonate or Neoheliopan AP

The use of UV absorbers can effectively protect natural and dyed hairfrom the damaging rays of the sun and increase the wash fastness of dyedhair.

Furthermore, the following UV absorbers or combinations may be used inthe dyeing compositions according to the invention:

-   -   cationic benzotriazole UV absorbers as for example described in        WO 01/36396 especially on p. 1, l. 20 to p. 2, l. 24, and        preferred on p. 3 to 5, and on p. 26 to 37;    -   cationic benzotriazole UV in combination with antioxidants as        described in WO 01/36396, especially on p. 11, l. 14 to p. 18;    -   UV absorbers in combination with antioxidants as described in        U.S. Pat. No. 5,922,310, especially in col 2, l. 1 to 3;    -   UV absorbers in combination with antioxidants as described in        U.S. Pat. No. 4,786,493, especially in col 1, 42 to col 2, l. 7,        and preferred in col 3, 43 to col 5, l. 20;    -   combination of UV absorbers as described in U.S. Pat. No.        5,830,441, especially in col 4, l. 53 to 56;    -   combination of UV absorbers as described in WO 01/36396,        especially on p. 11, l. 9 to 13; or    -   triazine derivatives as described in WO 98/22447, especially        on p. 1, l. 23 to p. 2, l. 4, and preferred on p. 2, l. 11 to p.        3, l. 15 and most preferred on p. 6 to 7, and 12 to 16. Suitable        cosmetic preparations may usually contain from 0.05 to 40% b.w.,        preferably from 0.1 to 20% b.w., based on the total weight of        the composition, of one or more UV absorbers;    -   consistency regulators, such as sugar esters, polyol esters or        polyol alkyl ethers;    -   fats and waxes, such as spermaceti, beeswax, montan wax,        paraffins, fatty alcohols and fatty acid esters;    -   fatty alkanolamides;    -   polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a        molecular weight of from 150 to 50 000, for example such as        those described in EP-A-801 942, especially p. 3, l. 44 to 55,    -   complexing agents, such as EDTA, NTA and phosphonic acids,    -   swelling and penetration substances, such as polyols and polyol        ethers, as listed extensively, for example, in EP-A-962 219,        especially p. 27, l. 18 to 38, for example glycerol, propylene        glycol, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, butyl glycol, benzyl        alcohol, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, guanidines, ureas and        also primary, secondary and tertiary phosphates, imidazoles,        tannins, pyrrole;    -   opacifiers, such as latex;    -   pearlising agents, such as ethylene glycol mono- and        di-stearate;    -   propellants, such as propane-butane mixtures, N₂O, dimethyl        ether, CO₂ and air;    -   antioxidants; preferably the phenolic antioxidants and hindered        nitroxyl compounds disclosed in ip.com (IPCOM #000033153D);    -   sugar-containing polymers, as described in EP-A-970 687;    -   quaternary ammonium salts, as described in WO 00/10517;    -   Bacteria inhibiting agents, like preservatives that have a        specific action against gram-positive bacteria, such as        2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether, chlorhexidine        (1,6-di(4-chlorophenyl-biguanido)hexane) or TCC        (3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide). A large number of aromatic        substances and ethereal oils also have antimicrobial properties.        Typical examples are the active ingredients eugenol, menthol and        thymol in clove oil, mint oil and thyme oil. A natural        deodorising agent of interest is the terpene alcohol farnesol        (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol), which is present in        lime blossom oil. Glycerol monolaurate has also proved to be a        bacteriostatic agent. The amount of the additional        bacteria-inhibiting agents present is usually from 0.1 to 2%        b.w., based on the solids content of the preparations;

The dyeing compositions according to the present invention generallycomprise at least one surfactant.

Suitable surfactants are zwitterionic or ampholytic, or more preferablyanionic, non-ionic and/or cationic surfactants.

Suitable anionic surfactants in the dyeing compositions according to thepresent invention include all anionic surface-active substances that aresuitable for use on the human body.

Such substances are characterised by an anionic group that imparts watersolubility, for example a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate or phosphategroup, and a lipophilic alkyl group having approximately 10 to 22 carbonatoms. In addition, glycol or polyglycol ether groups, ester, ether andamide groups and also hydroxy groups may be present in the molecule. Thefollowing are examples of suitable anionic surfactants, each in the formof sodium, potassium or ammonium salts or mono-, di- ortri-alkanolammonium salts having 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkanolgroup:

-   -   linear fatty acids having 10 to 22 carbon atoms (soaps),    -   ether carboxylic acids of formula R—O—(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(x)—CH₂—COOH,        in which R is a linear alkyl group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms        and x=0 or from 1 to 16,    -   acyl sarcosides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,    -   acyl taurides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,    -   acyl isothionates having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl        group,    -   sulfosuccinic mono- and di-alkyl esters having 8 to 18 carbon        atoms in the alkyl group and sulfosuccinic monoalkylpolyoxyethyl        esters having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from 1        to 6 oxyethyl groups,    -   linear alkane sulfonates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms,    -   linear α-olefin sulfonates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms,    -   α-sulfo fatty acid methyl esters of fatty acids having 12 to 18        carbon atoms,    -   alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates of formula        R′—O(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(x′)—SO₃H, in which R′ is a preferably linear        alkyl group having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and x′=0 or from 1 to        12,    -   mixtures of surface-active hydroxysulfonates according to DE-A-3        725 030;    -   sulfated hydroxyalkylpolyethylene and/or        hydroxyalkylenepropylene glycol ethers according to DE-A-3 723        354, especially p. 4, l. 42 to 62,    -   sulfonates of unsaturated fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon        atoms and 1 to 6 double bonds according to DE-A-3 926 344,        especially p. 2, l. 36 to 54,    -   esters of tartaric acid and citric acid with alcohols which are        addition products of approximately from 2 to 15 molecules of        ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols having        from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or    -   anionic surfactants, as described in WO 00/10518, especially p.        45, l. 11 to p. 48, l. 3.

Preferred anionic surfactants are alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyglycol ethersulfates and ether carboxylic acids having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in thealkyl group and up to 12 glycol ether groups in the molecule, and alsoespecially salts of saturated and especially unsaturatedC₈-C₂₂carboxylic acids, such as oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearicacid and palmitic acid.

Surface-active compounds that carry at least one quaternary ammoniumgroup and at least one —COO⁻ or —SO₃ ⁻ group in the molecule areterminated zwitterionic surfactants. Preference is given the so-calledbetaines, such as the N-alkylN,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, forexample cocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate,N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for examplecocoacylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazoline having from 8 to 18carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and alsococoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethyl glycinate. A preferredzwitterionic surfactant is the fatty acid amide derivative known by theCTFA name cocoamidopropyl betaine.

Ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds that, in addition toa C₈-C₁₈-alkyl or -acyl group and contain at least one free amino groupand at least one —COOH or —SO₃H group in the molecule and are capable offorming internal salts. Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactantsinclude N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyricacids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids,N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines,N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoaceticacids, each having approximately from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkylgroup. Ampholytic surfactants to which special preference is given areN-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethylaminopropionate andC₁₂-C₁₈acylsarcosine.

Suitable non-ionic surfactants are described in WO 00/10519, especiallyp. 45, l. 11 to p. 50, l. 12. Non-ionic surfactants contain ashydrophilic group, for example, a polyol group, a polyalkylene glycolether group or a combination of polyol and polyglycol ether groups. Suchcompounds are, for example:

-   -   addition products of 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 0 to 5        mol of propylene oxide with linear fatty alcohols having 8 to 22        carbon atoms, with fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and        with alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl        group,    -   C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acid mono- and di-esters of addition products of 1        to 30 mol of ethylene oxide with glycerol,    -   C₈-C₂₂alkyl-mono- and -oligo-glycosides and ethoxylated        analogues thereof,    -   addition products of 5 to 60 mol of ethylene oxide with castor        oil and hydrogenated castor oil,    -   addition products of ethylene oxide with sorbitan fatty acid        esters,    -   addition products of ethylene oxide with fatty acid        alkanolamides.

The surfactants which are addition products of ethylene and/or propyleneoxide with fatty alcohols or derivatives of such addition products mayeither be products having a “normal” homologue distribution or productshaving a restricted homologue distribution. “Normal” homologuedistribution are mixtures of homologues obtained in the reaction offatty alcohol and alkylene oxide using alkali metals, alkali metalhydroxides or alkali metal alcoholates as catalysts. Restrictedhomologue distributions, on the other hand, are obtained when, forexample, hydrotalcites, alkali metal salts of ether carboxylic acids,alkali metal oxides, hydroxides or alcoholates are used as catalysts.

The use of products having restricted homologue distribution may bepreferred.

Examples of cationic surfactants that can be used in the dyeingcompositions according to the invention are especially quaternaryammonium compounds. Preference is given to ammonium halides, such asalkyltrimethylammonium chlorides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides andtrialkylmethylammonium chlorides, for example cetyltrimethylammoniumchloride, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, distearyidimethy-lammoniumchloride, lauryidimethylammonium chloride, lauryidimethylbenzylammoniumchloride and tricetylmethylammonium chloride. Further cationicsurfactants that can be used in accordance with the invention arequaternised protein hydrolysates.

Also suitable are cationic silicone oils, such as, for example, thecommercially available products Q2-7224 (manufacturer: Dow Corning; astabilised trimethylsilylamodimethicone), Dow Corning 929 emulsion(comprising a hydroxylamino-modified silicone, which is also referred toas amodimethicone), SM-2059 (manufacturer: General Electric), SLM-55067(manufacturer: Wacker) and also Abil®-Quat 3270 and 3272 (manufacturer:Th. Goldschmidt; diquaternary polydimethylsiloxanes, quaternium-80), orsilicones, as described in WO 00/12057, especially p. 45, l. 9 to p. 55,l. 2.

Alkylamidoamines, especially fatty acid amidoamines, such as thestearylamidopropyldimethylamine obtainable under the name Tego Amid® 18are also preferred as surfactants in the present dyeing compositions.They are distinguished not only by a good conditioning action but alsoespecially by their good biodegradability.

Quaternary ester compounds, so-called “esterquats”, such as the methylhydroxyalkyldialkoyloxyalkylammonium methosulfates marketed under thetrademark Stepantex®, are also very readily biodegradable.

An example of a quaternary sugar derivative that can be used as cationicsurfactant is the commercial product Glucquat®100, according to CTFAnomenclature a “lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyl dimoniumchloride”.

The alkyl-group-containing compounds used as surfactants may be singlesubstances, but the use of natural raw materials of vegetable or animalorigin is generally preferred in the preparation of such substances,with the result that the substance mixtures obtained have differentalkyl chain lengths according to the particular starting material used.

The dyes of formula (1) are suitable for the dyeing of organic material,preferably keratin-containing fibers.

A further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to amethod of treating keratin-containing fibers with sulfide dyes offormula (1).

The method comprises treating the hair in the presence of a reducingagent.

Preferred reducing agents are for example thioglycolic acid or saltsthereof, gycerine monothioglycolate, cysteine, homocysteine,2-mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptoethylamine, thiolactic acid and thesalts thereof, thioglycerine, sodium sulfite, dithionithe, ammoniumsulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, hydrochinon orphosphites.

In addition, the present invention relates to a method of

-   a. treating the keratin-containing fibers with a compound of formula    (1),-   b. wearing the coloured hair for the desired period of time,-   c. removing the colour applied in step a) from hair by contacting    the hair with an aqueous based colour removal composition containing    a reduction agent capable of disrupting the —S—S-bonds between the    dye molecule and the hair fiber surface to cause the dye molecule to    become disassociated from the hair fiber.

Further, the present invention relates to a process, comprising treatingthe hair with

-   a) a reduction agent, and-   b) at least one single sulfide dye of formula (1) as defined above,    and optionally-   c) with an oxidizing agent.

The sequence of the reaction steps is generally not important; thereduction agent can be applied first or in a final step.

Preferred is a process, which comprises treating the hair

-   a₁) with at least one single dye of formula (1), and-   b₁) then with a reduction agent; or-   a process, which comprises treating the hair-   a₂) with a reduction agent and-   b₂) then with at least one single sulfide dye of formula (1) as    defined above.

In the present invention preferred is further a process, which comprisescontacting hair

-   a) with a reduction agent,-   b) then with at least one dye of formula (1), and-   c) then with an oxidizing agent.

A further process of the present invention comprises treating the hair

-   a) with at least one single dye of formula (1),-   b) then with a reduction agent, and-   c) then with an oxidizing agent.

Usually, the oxidizing agent is applied together with an acid or a base.

The acid is for example citric acid, phosphoric acid or tartrate acid.

The base is for example sodium hydroxide, ammonia or monoethanolamine.

Usually, the dyeing compositions are applied to the keratin-containingfiber in an amount of from 50 to 100 g.

The dyes of formula (1) are suitable for all-over dyeing of the hair,that is to say when dyeing the hair on a first occasion, and also forre-dyeing subsequently, or dyeing of locks or parts of the hair.

The dyes of formula (1) are applied on the hair for example by massagewith the hand, a comb, a brush, or a bottle, or a bottle, which iscombined with a comb or a nozzle.

In the processes for dyeing according to the invention, whether or notdyeing is to be carried out in the presence of a further dye will dependupon the desired color shade.

Further preferred is a process for dyeing keratin-containing fiberswhich comprises treating the keratin-containing fiber with at least onedye of formula (1), a base and an oxidizing agent.

The oxidation dyeing process usually involves lightening, that is to saythat it involves applying to the keratin-containing fibers, at basic pH,a mixture of bases and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, leaving theapplied mixture to stand on the hair and then rinsing the hair. Itallows, particularly in the case of hair dyeing, the melanin to belightened and the hair to be dyed.

Lightening the melanin has the advantageous effect of creating a unifieddyeing in the case of grey hair, and, in the case of naturally pigmentedhair, of bringing out the color, that is to say of making it morevisible.

In general, the oxidizing agent containing composition is left on thefiber for 0 to 15 minutes, in particular for 0 to 5 minutes at 15 to 45°C., usually in amounts of 30 to 200 g.

Oxidizing agents are for example persulfate or dilute hydrogen peroxidesolutions, hydrogen peroxide emulsions or hydrogen peroxide gels,alkaline earth metal peroxides, organic peroxides, such as ureaperoxides, melamine peroxides, or alkalimetalbromat fixations are alsoapplicable if a shading powder on the basis of semi-permanent, directhair dyes is used.

Further preferred oxidizing agents are

-   -   oxidizing agents to achieve lightened coloration, as described        in WO 97/20545, especially p. 9, l. 5 to 9,    -   oxidizing agents in the form of permanent-wave fixing solution,        as described in DE-A-19 713 698, especially p. 4, l. 52 to 55,        and l. 60 and 61 or EP-A-1062940, especially p. 6, l. 41 to 47        (and in the equivalent WO 99/40895).

Most preferred oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, preferably used ina concentration from about 2 to 30%, more preferably about 3 to 20% by,and most preferably from 6 to 12% b.w. the corresponding composition.

The oxidizing agents may be present in the dyeing compositions accordingto the invention preferably in an amount from 0.01% to 6%, especiallyfrom 0.01% to 1%, based on the total dyeing composition.

In general, the dyeing with an oxidative agent is carried out in thepresence of a base, for example ammonia, alkali metal carbonates, earthmetal (potassium or lithium) carbonates, alkanol amines, such as mono-,di- or triethanolamine, alkali metal (sodium) hydroxides, earth metalhydroxides or compounds of the formula

R is a propylene residue, which may be substituted with OH orC₁-C₄alkyl,R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆ are independently or dependently from each otherhydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl or hydroxy-(C₁-C₄)alkyl.

The pH-value of the oxidizing agent containing composition is usuallyabout 2 to 7, and in particular about 2 to 5.

One preferred method of applying formulations comprising the dyes offormula (1) on the keratin-containing fiber, preferably the hair is byusing a multi-compartment dyeing device or “kit” or any othermulti-compartment packaging system, as described for example in WO97/20545 on p. 4, l. 19 to l. 27.

The first compartment contains for example at least one dye of formula(1) and optionally further direct dyes and a basifying agent, and in thesecond compartment an oxidizing agent; or in the first compartment atleast one dye of formula (1) and optionally further direct dyes, in thesecond compartment a basifying agent and in the third compartment anoxidizing agent.

Generally the hair is rinsed after treatment with the dyeing solutionand/or permanent-wave solution.

A further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to amethod of dyeing hair with oxidative dyes, which comprises

-   a. mixing at least one dye of formula (1) and optionally at least    one coupler compound and at least one developer compound, and an    oxidizing agent, which optionally contains at least one further dye,    and-   b. contacting the keratin-containing fibers with the mixture as    prepared in step a.

The pH-value of the oxidizing agent free composition is usually from 3to 11, and in particular from 5 to 10, and most particular about 9 to10.

Preferably, a ready-to-use composition is prepared according to a firstpreferred embodiment by a process which comprises a preliminary stepwhich involves separately storing, on the one hand, a composition (A)comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least onedeveloper compound, especially selected from para-phenylenediamines andbis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, and the acid-addition salts thereof, atleast one coupler, especially selected from meta-phenylenediamines andthe acid-addition salts thereof, and at least one dye of formula (1), onthe other hand, a composition (B) containing, in a medium which issuitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent and mixing (A) and (B)together immediately before applying this mixture to thekeratin-containing fibers.

According to a second preferred embodiment for the preparation of theready-to-use dye composition, the process includes a preliminary stepwhich involves separately storing, on the one hand, a composition (A)comprising, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least onedeveloper compound, especially selected from para-phenylenediamines andbis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, and the acid-addition salts thereof, atleast one coupler compound, especially selected frommeta-phenylenediamines and the acid-addition salts thereof; on the otherhand, a composition (A′) comprising, in a medium which is suitable fordyeing, at least one dye of formula (1), and, finally, a composition (B)containing, in a medium which is suitable for dyeing, at least oneoxidizing agent as defined above, and mixing them together at the timeof use immediately before applying this mixture to thekeratin-containing fibers.

The composition (A′) used according to this second embodiment mayoptionally be in powder form, the dye(s) of formula (1) (themselves)constituting, in this case, all of the composition (A′) or optionallybeing dispersed in an organic and/or inorganic pulverulent excipient.

When present in the composition A′, the organic excipient may be ofsynthetic or natural origin and is selected in particular fromcrosslinked and non-crosslinked synthetic polymers, polysaccharides suchas celluloses and modified or unmodified starches, as well as naturalproducts such as sawdust and plant gums (guar gum, carob gum, xanthangum, etc.).

When present in the composition (A′), the inorganic excipient maycontain metal oxides such as titanium oxides, aluminium oxides, kaolin,talc, silicates, mica and silicas.

An very suitable excipient in the dyeing compositions according to theinvention is sawdust.

The powdered composition (A′) may also contain binders or coatingproducts in an amount which preferably does not exceed approximately 3%b.w. relative to the total weight of composition (A′). These binders arepreferably selected from oils and liquid fatty substances of inorganic,synthetic, animal or plant origin.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process of dyeing ofkeratin-containing fibers of the dyes of formula (1) with autooxidablecompounds and optionally further dyes.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for dyeingkeratin-containing fibers with the dyes of formula (1) and cappeddiazotised compounds, which comprises,

-   a. treating the keratin-containing fibers under alkaline conditions    with at least one capped diazotised compound and a coupler compound,    and optionally a developer compound ad optionally an oxidizing    agent, and optionally in the presence of a further dye, and    optionally with at least one dye of formula (1); and-   b. adjusting the pH in the range of 6 to 2 by treatment with an    acid, optionally in the presence of a further dye, and optionally at    least one dye of formula (1),    with the proviso that at least in one step a. or b. at least one dye    of formula (1) is present.

The capped diazotised compound and coupler compound and optionally theoxidizing agent and developer compound can be applied in any desiredorder successively, or simultaneously.

Preferably, the capped diazotised compound and the coupler compound areapplied simultaneously, in a single composition.

“Alkaline conditions” denotes a pH in the range from 8 to 10, preferably9-10, especially 9.5-10, which are achieved by the addition of bases,for example sodium carbonate, ammonia or sodium hydroxide.

The bases may be added to the hair, to the dye precursors, the cappeddiazotised compound and/or the water-soluble coupling component, or tothe dyeing compositions comprising the dye precursors.

Acids are for example tartaric acid or citric acid, a citric acid gel, asuitable buffer solution with optionally an acid dye.

The ratio of the amount of alkaline dyeing composition applied in thefirst stage to that of acid dyeing composition applied in the secondstage is preferably about from 1:3 to 3:1, especially about 1:1.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for dyeingkeratin-containing fibers with the dyes of formula (1) and at least oneacid dye.

The following Examples serve to illustrate the processes for dyeingwithout limiting the processes thereto. Unless specified otherwise,parts and percentages relate to weight. The amounts of dye specified arerelative to the material being coloured.

EXAMPLES A Preparation of New Compounds Example 1 Preparation of theCompound of Formula

2.0 g (8.1 mmol) of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitro benzoic acid are brought in 6ml acetone. 0.092 g (8.1 mmol) of cysteamine hydrochloride dissolved in10 ml H₂O is added to the resulting solution. The pH value of thismixture is adjusted to 9 with 10 N sodium hydroxide. The reactionsolution is stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. ThepH value is controlled in distinct intervals by addition of 10 N sodiumhydroxide and adjusted to 9.

After reaction time of 6 h the mixture is acidified with 2 N HCl and theprecipitate is filtered off. The filter cake is washed with HCl (10 N)and than with distilled water.

The solid is recrystallized from water/acetone.

1.5 g of a yellow-orange solid are obtained.

Mp: 253-255° C.

Example 2 Preparation of the Compound of Formula

5.66 g (25.2 mmol) cystamine dihydrochloride are furnished in 40 mldimethylsulfoxide.

8.46 g (100.8 mmol) sodium hydrogen carbonate are added stepwise.

Then 10.0 g (50.4 mmol) 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenylacetamide, dissolved in100 ml dimethylsulfoxide are added dropwise at 45° C.

The reaction mixture is stirred for 7 h at 80° C. and cooled down toroom temperature. The reaction mixture is placed on a water/ice mixtureand adjusted to pH 3 by addition of conc. HCl.

The resultant precipitate is filtered off, washed with water for severaltimes and dried in vacuo.

12.4 g (97%) of a red dye are obtained.

Mp: 199-201° C.

Example 3 Preparation of the Compound of Formula

5.00 g (9.8 mmol) of di 2-[4-acetamino-2-nitrophenyl]ethyl disulfide arefurnished in 50 ml of 20% hydrochloric acid.

The obtained suspension is refluxed for 4 h, whereupon the color of thereaction mixture changes from red to orange.

Then the heterogenic reaction mixture is cooled down to room temperatureand the pH is adjusted to 4 with 20% NaOH.

The precipitate is filtered off and washed with 10% sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and then neutral with water.

3.5 g (84%) of a violet dye are obtained.

Mp.: 193-195° C.

Example 4 Preparation of the Compound of Formula

a. 20 g of 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenylacetamid, 8.48 g of potassium carbonateand 9.07 g of N,N-dimethyl-ethylenediamine are dissolved in 50 mldimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 days at 80° C.and then cooled to room temperature. The resulting suspension is pouredinto 300 ml of ice and filtered. The collected solid is dried in vacuoover night at 60° C. to yield 23.79 g of a red powder.

MS (ES−): m/z 265 (M-1). UV/VIS [nm] (water): λ_(max) 458

b. 34 g of the compound of formula (104a) and 30 g of thebis(toluolsulfonate) of (2-hydroxyethyl)-disulfide (RN 69981-39-1;prepared as described in Delacroix et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. France(1978), (9-10, Pt. 2), 481-4) are suspended in 80 ml of NMP and stirredfor 3 days at 45° C. Then 1 l tert.-butyl methyl ether are added slowlyto the reaction mixture and the resulting precipitate is collected byfiltration. Then the crude product is redissolved in 200 ml ethanol andprecipitated again by addition of 150 ml of tert.-butyl methyl ether.The solid is collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to yield 22.6 gof an orange powder which corresponds to the compound of formula (104).

MS (ES+): m/z 326 (M²⁺), UV/VIS [nm] (water): λ_(max) 466.

EXAMPLE B Application Examples

In the following application examples compositions within the belowgiven definitions are used:

Solution 1 (Permanent Lotion, pH 8.2):

Aqua, Ammonium Thioglycolate, Ammonium Bicarbonate, Ethoxydiglycol,Hexylene Glycol, Thioglycolic Acid; Thiolactic Acid, PEG-60 HydrogenatedCastor Oil, Glycine, Etidronic Acid, Isoceteth-20, Polysilicone-9,Styrene/PVP Copolymer, Trideceth-12, Amodimethicone, CetrimoniumChloride, Ammonium Hydroxide, Polyquaternium-6, Isopropyl Alcohol,Alcohol denat., Simethicone, Parfum

Solution 2 (Permanent Fixation, pH 3.9):

Based on:

Aqua, Hydrogen Peroxide, Propylene Glycol, Lauryidimonium HydroxypropylHydrolyzed Wheat Protein, PEG-5 Cocamide, Sodium Cocoamphoacetate,Polyquaternium-35, CocoBetaine, Acetaminophen, Phosphoric Acid, SodiumChloride, Parfum

Solution 3 (Dyeing Solution):

0.1% of the dye is dissolved in a 10% solution of a non-ionic surfactant(Plantacare 200UP, Henkel) adjusted to pH 9.5 using citric acid ormonoethanolamine.

Example B1

Solution 3 comprising 0.1% of compound of formula (104) is applied onthe dry hair (two blond, two middle blond and two damaged hair strands)at room temperature and allowed to stand for 20 min. at roomtemperature.

Then, the strands are rinsed under tap water (Water temperature: 37°C.+/−1° C.; flow rate of water: 5-6 l/min.) and dried for 12 hours.

Washing fastness: 10× washed with shampoo.

Results: Strand Colour result Washing fastness blond Yellow/good 4middelblond Yellow/good 4 damaged Yellow/good 3 damaged Orange/good 3

Example B2

A solution 1 (permanent lotion) is applied on shampooed hair (two blond,two middle blond, and two damaged hair strands) at room temperature andallowed to stand for 10 min.

Then the strands are rinsed under tap water (Water temperature: 37°C.+/−1° C.; flow rate of water: 5-6 l/min.) and the towel dry strandsare treated with the 0.1% by weight colouring material solutioncomprising the compound of formula (104) to stand for 20 min and thenrinsed under tap water (Water temperature: 37° C.+/−1° C.; flow rate ofwater: 5-6 l/min.) Then the towel dry strands are treated with thesolution 2 (permanent fixation) at room temperature and allowed to standfor 10 min.

Then the strands are rinsed under tap water (Water temperature: 37°C.+/−1° C.; flow rate of water: 5-6 l/min.) and dried 12 hours at roomtemperature.

Washing fastness: 10× washed with shampoo.

Results: Strand Colour Washing fastness blond Yellow/good 5 middelblondYellow/good 5 damaged Yellow/good 5

1. Method of dyeing keratin-containing fibers comprising treating thefiber with at least one sulfide dye of formula (1)

their salts, isomers, hydrates and other solvates, wherein R₁, R₂, R₃,independently from each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl or C₁-C₂₀alkoxy,which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂,mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy;C₃-C₆cycloalkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl;halogen; NO₂; OH; SH; phenyl, which may be substituted by one or moreC₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; —NH(CO)—CH₃; or a radical offormula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein R₄ and R₅ independently from each other arehydrogen; C₁-C₁₂alkyl, which may be substituted by one or moreC₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkoxy, hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl;—C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, wherein thephenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy,halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxyor hydroxy; or a radical of formula

wherein at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ or R₃ is NO₂; Y₁ isC₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; orC₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); Z₁ is a direct bond;

or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromaticgroup; Q₁ is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R₆)—X₂—; —CON(R₆)—; —(R₆)NC(O)—;—O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O)₂—; X₁ and X₂ independently from each otherare a direct bond; C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene;or C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); and R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently fromeach other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl;C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl); m is 1 or 2; and Uis hydrogen if m is 1; or is a direct bond if m is 2; with the provisothat the method does not comprise contacting hair with an enzyme of thetype of a protein disulfidisomerase (EC 5.3.4.1).
 2. Method according toclaim 1, wherein Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene or C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene.
 3. Methodaccording to claim 1, wherein Y₁ is C₁-C₅alkylene.
 4. Method accordingto claim 1, wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃, independently from each other arehydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH;—C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein R₄and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen; or C₁-C₁₂alkyl, whichmay be substituted by one or more hydroxy; —(CO)H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; orphenyl, which may be substituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, —NH₂,mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy. 5.Method according to claim 1, wherein R₁, R₂ and, R₃, independently fromeach other are hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; or a radical of formula (1a)—NR₄R₅, wherein R₄ and R₅ independently from each other are hydrogen;—(CO)—H; —(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; or —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl.
 6. Methodaccording to claim 1, wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently from eachother are hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂; —NH(CO)—CH₃; or —C(O)OH.
 7. Methodaccording to claim 1 wherein Z₁ is a direct bond; or

.
 8. Method according to claim 1 wherein m is
 2. 9. Method according toclaim 1 wherein compounds of formula (1) are of formula (2)

wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen;C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; NO₂;NH₂; or —NH(CO)—CH₃; Y₁ is C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene;C₅-C₁₀arylene; or C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); X is a direct bond: orC₁-C₅alkylene; Z₁ is a direct bond; or

and R₇ and R₈ each independently from each other are hydrogen;C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl; C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; orC₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl).
 10. Method according to claim 9, wherein informula (2) R₁, R₂ and R₃ independently from each other are hydrogen;NO₂; NH₂; —C(O)OH; or —NH(CO)—CH₃; Y₁ is C₁-C₅alkylene; Z₁ is a directbond; or

and R₇ and R₈ each independently from each other are hydrogen; orC₁-C₁₄alkyl.
 11. A method according to claim 1 wherein dyeing is carriedout in the presence of a reducing agent.
 12. A method according to claim11, wherein the reducing agent is selected from thioglycolic acid orsalts thereof, glycerine monothioglycolate, cysteine, homocysteine,2-mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptoethylamine, thiolactic acid or saltsthereof, thioglycerine, sodium sulfite, dithionite, ammonium sulfite,sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, hydrochinon and phosphites. 13.A method according to claim 1, comprising treating thekeratin-containing fiber a) optionally with a reduction agent, and b) atleast one single nitrosulfide dye of formula (1), and c) optionally withan oxidizing agent.
 14. A hair dyeing composition comprising (a) 0.001to 5% b.w. of at least one dye of formula (1) as defined in claim 1; (b)1 to 40% b.w. of a solvent; and (c) 0.01 to 20% b.w. of an adjuvant. 15.A composition according to claim 14 in form of a shampoo, conditioner,gel or emulsion.
 16. A composition according to claim 14 comprising atleast one single dye of formula (1), and a direct dye and/or a reactivedye.
 17. Compounds of formula (1)

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, independently from each other are hydrogen;C₁-C₂₀alkyl or C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, which may be substituted by one or moreC₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino,—NO₂ or hydroxy; C₃-C₆cycloalkyl; —C(O)H; —C(O)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH;—C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; halogen; NO₂; OH; SH; phenyl, which may besubstituted by one or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂,mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino, di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂ or hydroxy; —NH(CO)—CH₃;or a radical of formula (1a) —NR₄R₅, wherein R₄ and R₅ independentlyfrom each other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₂alkyl, which may be substituted byone or more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkoxy, hydroxy or —(CO)—H; —(CO)H;—(CO)—C₁-C₅alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)O—C₁-C₅alkyl; phenyl orphenyl-C₁-C₄alkyl, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by oneor more C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, halogen, —NH₂, mono-C₁-C₅alkylamino,di-C₁-C₅alkylamino, —NO₂, carboxy or hydroxy; or a radical of formula

wherein at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ or R₃ is NO₂; Y₁ isC₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene; orC₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); Z₁ is a direct bond;

or a cationic biradical of a saturated, aromatic or heteroaromaticgroup; Q₁ is —C(O)—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R₆)—X₂—; —CON(R₆)—; —(R₆)NC(O)—;—O—; —S—; —S(O)—; or —S(O)₂—; X₁ and X₂ independently from each otherare the direct bond; C₁-C₁₀alkylene; C₅-C₁₀cycloalkylene; C₅-C₁₀arylene;or C₅-C₁₀arylene-(C₁-C₁₀alkylene); and R₆, R₇ and R₈ independently fromeach other are hydrogen; C₁-C₁₄alkyl; C₂-C₁₄alkenyl; C₆-C₁₀aryl;C₆-C₁₀aryl-C₁-C₁₀alkyl; or C₁-C₁₀alkyl(C₅-C₁₀aryl); m is 1 or 2; U ishydrogen if m is 1; or is a direct bond if m is 2.